President Trump's controversial demands for Greenland and associated tariff threats against European allies are dominating international headlines, impacting NATO alliances and global markets, while also pushing for a Gaza 'board of peace' and drawing critiques from the UN chief about US power over international law.

• Trump Links His Push for Greenland to Not Winning Nobel Peace Prize — New York Times World -
• Trump says ‘no comment’ when asked if he would seize Greenland by force – as it happened — The Guardian -
• Gaza’s Board of Peace: What to Know — New York Times World -

• Trump says he will '100%' carry out Greenland tariffs threat, as EU vows to protect its interests — BBC World -
• Trump Is Pushing the U.S.-Europe Alliance to the Brink Over Greenland — New York Times World -
• Starmer plays down prospect of retaliatory tariffs against US over Greenland — The Guardian -
• Kremlin says Putin has been invited to join Trump’s Gaza ‘board of peace’ — The Guardian -
• As Davos Convenes, Deference to Trump Has Replaced Everything — New York Times World -
• Minister defends UK’s decision not to hit back at Trump tariffs threat, saying ‘aim is to de-escalate’ – as it happened — The Guardian -
• Donald Trump links Greenland threats to Nobel snub as EU trade war looms — The Guardian -
• Markets fall and gold and silver hit new highs after Trump’s latest tariff threat — The Guardian -
• European industry hits out at Trump’s ‘ludicrous’ demands over Greenland — The Guardian -
• Trump Has an Offramp on Greenland. He Doesn’t Seem to Want It. — New York Times World -
• Why the UK won’t retaliate to Trump tariffs over Greenland – The Latest — The Guardian -
• 'Europe is at a total loss': Russia gloats over Greenland tensions — BBC World -
• Heated rivalry: US to face Denmark in Olympic ice hockey showdown — The Guardian -
• Starmer Pushes Back Against Greenland Tariff Threat as ‘Completely Wrong’ — New York Times World -
• Starmer: ‘We don’t want a trade war’ – podcast — The Guardian -
• Trump tariff threats risk triggering ‘spiral of escalation’ in world economy, says IMF — The Guardian -
• What tariffs has Trump announced and why? — BBC World -
• ‘I no longer feel an obligation to think purely of peace,’ says Trump amid Greenland threats | First Thing — The Guardian -
• IMF warns of trade tension risk to global growth — BBC World -
• At the Center of Trump’s Vision for Rebuilding Ukraine: BlackRock — New York Times World -
• Rachel Reeves pulls out of London Stock Exchange event after new Trump tariff threat — The Guardian -
• European Union Officials Lean Toward Negotiating, Not Retaliating, Over Trump Tariff Threat — New York Times World -
• 'Europe won't be blackmailed,' Danish PM says in wake of Trump Greenland threats — BBC World -
• What is it like living in Greenland and being threatened by Trump? — The Guardian -
• US believes its power matters more than international law, UN chief tells BBC — BBC World -
• Trump’s Ultimatum to Europe — New York Times World -
• EU considers retaliatory measures over Trump Greenland tariff ‘blackmail’ — The Guardian -
• Albanese considers Trump’s invitation to join Gaza ‘board of peace’ despite concerns body may undermine UN — The Guardian -

A deadly high-speed train crash in southern Spain killed at least 40 people, leading to investigations into track conditions and national mourning, alongside other tragic events including a massive mall fire in Pakistan claiming 14 lives, a fatal bus collision in South Africa killing 13 schoolchildren, and wildfires in Chile leaving 18 dead.

• How 40 People Died In a Train Crash in Andalucia, Spain — New York Times World -
• Spain Scrutinizes Break in Track After 2 Trains Collide, Killing 40 — New York Times World -
• What We Know About the Deadly High-Speed Train Crash in Spain — New York Times World -

• Spanish PM vows to find cause of deadly high-speed train crash — BBC World -
• Slow Emergency Response Blamed in Deadly Pakistan Mall Fire — New York Times World -
• What we know about Spain's worst rail disaster in over a decade — BBC World -
• At the scene of Spain's worst rail disaster in over a decade — BBC World -
• Survivors of Deadly Train Crash in Spain Describe Hellish Scenes — New York Times World -
• High-Speed Train Crash in Spain Leaves at Least 21 Dead — New York Times World -
• Spain to hold three days of mourning after train crash that killed at least 40 — The Guardian -
• A labor union raised concerns last year about Spain’s railway lines. — New York Times World -
• The crash occurred on a new stretch of high-speed rail track, officials say. — New York Times World -
• Spain train crash: drivers had raised concerns over track before collision that killed 39 –as it happened — The Guardian -
• Spain Closes High-Speed Rail Network in South After Crash — New York Times World -
• What we know about Spain's worst rail disaster in over a decade — BBC World -
• High-speed train crash in southern Spain leaves 39 dead — The Guardian -
• Lawyers for Swiss bar owners condemn 'vindictiveness' after deadly fire — BBC World -
• South African team helps search for politician swept away by Mozambique floodwaters — BBC World -
• Thirteen schoolchildren killed after bus collides with lorry in South Africa — BBC World -
• Spain train crash survivors describe 'absolutely terrifying' scene — BBC World -
• Factory explosion in China kills four, injures 84 — BBC World -
• High-speed train crash in Spain kills at least 39 — BBC World -
• ‘We could see the glow and smell the smoke’: residents warned as fires burn south of Adelaide — The Guardian -
• Fourteen dead, dozens missing in massive Pakistan mall fire — BBC World -
• Watch: Footage inside Spanish train as passengers evacuate from crash — BBC World -
• Chile declares 'state of catastrophe' as wildfires leave at least 18 dead — BBC World -
• High-Speed Train Crash in Spain Leaves at Least 21 Dead — New York Times World -
• Factory explosion in China kills two, injures 84 — BBC World -

Debates over gun reforms and hate speech laws are prominent following the Bondi terror attack, while Sydney grapples with multiple shark attacks, and other headlines reveal controversies surrounding a debt collector's tax practices and an incoming NT administrator's past remarks.

• Australia politics live: Littleproud calls gun reforms a ‘cheap political diversion’; intelligence group urges MPs to work together — The Guardian -
• Man in critical condition with ‘probably life-changing injuries’ after third Sydney shark attack in two days — The Guardian -
• Debt collector hired to chase unpaid taxes for the ATO pays zero corporate tax itself — The Guardian -

• Incoming NT administrator insulted PM and claimed First Nations people ‘main group’ behind crime — The Guardian -
• Labor’s hate speech laws set to pass as Ley and Albanese cut deal on bill crafted in wake of Bondi terror attack — The Guardian -
• Man seriously injured in Sydney's third shark attack in two days — BBC World -
• Woman found dead on popular Australian tourist island K’gari — The Guardian -
• Hanson reveals ambition to turn One Nation into viable party of government after record poll showing – as it happened — The Guardian -
• Sydney Harbour shark attack: second incident in two days as police warn against swimming — The Guardian -
• Why Are New Zealanders Moving to Australia? More Money, Better Vibes. — New York Times World -
• ‘A home left quieter, clothes still hanging in wardrobes’: emotional MPs pay tribute to Bondi terror attack victims — The Guardian -
• Rushed laws after a tragedy are ‘never good’, warns father of youngest Bondi victim — The Guardian -
• Australian billionaires increased their wealth by almost $600,000 a day on average over last year, report shows — The Guardian -

The UK government is consulting on a ban of social media for under-16s amidst calls from parents, water firms face potential leniency on pollution fines, and other significant issues include a delayed Hillsborough law, Prince Harry's legal battle against a newspaper, and concerns over postnatal care funding.

• Water firms could be let off pollution fines as part of government overhaul — The Guardian -
• UK ministers launch consultation on whether to ban social media for under-16s — The Guardian -
• Hillsborough law on hold ‘until agreement reached with families’ — The Guardian -

• UK arresting Palestine Action supporters is censoring free speech, says US official — The Guardian -
• Mother of murdered Brianna Ghey urges Starmer to ban social media for under-16s — The Guardian -
• Halifax care home manager sexually abused children for decades, court hears — The Guardian -
• Retired West Midlands police chief Craig Guildford referred to watchdog — The Guardian -
• Badenoch warns Tory MPs about people trying to ‘undermine party from within’ — The Guardian -
• Prince Harry accuses Daily Mail publisher of ‘terrifying’ intrusion — The Guardian -
• Prince Harry’s Court Case Against Daily Mail Publisher: What to Know — New York Times World -
• Ex-gambling bosses facing UK criminal trial lose civil case against regulator — The Guardian -
• Secrecy around UK military civilian harm ‘risks undermining public confidence’ — The Guardian -
• Pepper spray use at young offender institutions in England ruled legal — The Guardian -
• Scottish health board admits hospital water system linked to fatal infections — The Guardian -
• UK’s ‘one in, one out’ scheme has failed to protect torture survivors, says charity — The Guardian -
• ScottishPower named worst energy supplier for customer service — The Guardian -
• GMB union faces claims of bullying in industrial disputes from rival union leader — The Guardian -
• Out of sight: spectacular HS2 tunnels offer glimmer of hope for stalling project — The Guardian -
• China expected to get London embassy go-ahead this week after years of wrangling — The Guardian -
• ‘Jess’s rule’ posters remind GPs in England to re-examine patients’ symptoms — The Guardian -
• UK property market ‘on the up’ amid new year bounce in asking prices — The Guardian -
• Women ‘being failed by underfunded and understaffed’ UK postnatal care — The Guardian -

Clashes around Syrian prisons holding Islamic State fighters have erupted despite a ceasefire agreement between Syrian government and Kurdish-led forces, with dozens of prisoners freed amid efforts to rebuild the country a year after the Assad regime's fall.

• Clashes Erupt Around Syrian Prisons Holding Islamic State Fighters — New York Times World -
• Clashes reported after Syria and Kurdish-led forces agree ceasefire — BBC World -
• Dozens of IS prisoners freed in Syria amid clashes between army and Kurdish-led forces — The Guardian -

• Syria Struggles to Rebuild a Year After the Assad Regime’s Fall — New York Times World -
• Teenager among Iranian protesters sexually assaulted in custody, rights group says — The Guardian -
• Syria president claims ‘victory for all’ as ceasefire with Kurdish-led force announced — The Guardian -

China's economy met its growth target despite a trade war and property crisis, but faces a record-low birth rate and shrinking population, while Oxfam reports on the "brazen" political influence of the ultrarich as their wealth surges to $18.3 trillion globally.

• Taxing the Ultrarich — New York Times World -
• Bill Gates charity trust’s holdings in fossil fuel firms rise despite divestment claims — The Guardian -
• China’s population falls again as birthrate drops 17% to record low — The Guardian -

• I.M.F. Raises Forecast for Global Growth as Tariff Drag Fades — New York Times World -
• China's birth rate hits record low as population continues to shrink — BBC World -
• China’s economy hit growth target last year despite Trump trade war and property crisis — The Guardian -
• Real Estate Crash Weighs on China’s Economic Growth — New York Times World -
• ‘Brazen’ political influence of rich laid bare as wealth of billionaires reaches $18.3tn, says Oxfam — The Guardian -

Japan's Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi called a snap election, a Guatemalan state of emergency was declared due to gang violence, renowned Italian fashion designer Valentino died at 93, and other news covers a significant poetry prize, scientific findings on cow intelligence, and challenges faced by transgender refugees fleeing the US.

• French Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu Says He Will Pass Budget Without a Vote — New York Times World -
• Sanae Takaichi, Japan’s Prime Minister, Calls for Snap Election — New York Times World -
• Human Rights Lawyer Philippe Sands Fears a New Age of Impunity — New York Times World -

• Karen Solie’s Wellwater wins TS Eliot poetry prize — The Guardian -
• What to Know About Hezbollah’s Ties to Venezuela — New York Times World -
• Splits Emerge Among Venezuelans as Revolutionary Dream Fades — New York Times World -
• Italian fashion designer Valentino dies aged 93 — The Guardian -
• Noem backtracks on ICE pepper spray denial amid tension in Minneapolis — The Guardian -
• ‘Gestapo tactics’: Bruce Springsteen condemns Trump team’s ICE crackdown — The Guardian -
• ‘Payback will be severe’: Mickey Rourke vows revenge on those behind crowdfunder ‘scam’ in his name — The Guardian -
• Positive thinking could boost immune response to vaccines, say scientists — The Guardian -
• Back-scratching bovine leads scientists to reassess intelligence of cows — The Guardian -
• Ghana arrests Nigerians accused of running cyber-crime networks — BBC World -
• ‘Very historic time’: US protests have jumped since Trump’s first term — The Guardian -
• £50,000 ‘reader-led’ writing prize launched — The Guardian -
• Guatemala Declares State of Emergency to Address Gang Violence — New York Times World -
• Epstein victims’ advocates express outrage over slow release of files — The Guardian -
• Rightwing influencer with White House ties turns focus to Minnesota — The Guardian -
• Guatemala declares state of emergency after eight police officers killed in prison gang violence — The Guardian -
• Japan PM Takaichi calls snap election three months after taking office — BBC World -
• ‘I was afraid for my life’: the transgender refugees fleeing Trump’s America — The Guardian -
• Ecstasy and now a day off - Senegal fans around the world celebrate Afcon win — BBC World -
• ‘I love that there’s this big gay thing in the middle of Scotland’: Ian McKellen and Graham Norton join Alan Cumming for Out in the Hills — The Guardian -
• ‘Remarkable’ UPS driver ran into burning home to save woman, 101 — The Guardian -
• 'Shameful' and 'terrible look' - the chaos that marred Senegal's Afcon triumph — BBC World -
• Make films shorter if you want them shown in cinemas, says Picturehouse director — The Guardian -
• 'The finest in the world': Why the US is buying icebreakers from Finland — BBC World -
• Japan’s prime minister calls snap election as approval ratings ride high — The Guardian -
• What Vietnam’s Communist Party Congress Hopes to Achieve — New York Times World -
• At Davos, Global Leaders Gather to Ponder the Future of a Messy World — New York Times World -
• CBS finally airs 60 Minutes segment on Venezuelan prisoners sent to Cecot in El Salvador — The Guardian -
• 15 years after Fukushima, Japan prepares to restart the world’s biggest nuclear plant — The Guardian -
• My children were recruited in a trafficking scam. I joined a police hunt to find them — BBC World -
• Roger Allers, Disney film-maker and co-director of The Lion King, dies aged 76 — The Guardian -
• Portugal presidential election: Socialist party’s Seguro to face far-right leader in runoff — The Guardian -